agent-skills/skills/next-best-practices/rsc-boundaries.md

RSC Boundaries

Detect and prevent invalid patterns when crossing Server/Client component boundaries.

Detection Rules

1. Async Client Components Are Invalid

Client components cannot be async functions. Only Server Components can be async.

Detect: File has 'use client' AND component is async function or returns Promise

// Bad: async client component
'use client'
export default async function UserProfile() {
  const user = await getUser() // Cannot await in client component
  return <div>{user.name}</div>
}

// Good: Remove async, fetch data in parent server component
// page.tsx (server component - no 'use client')
export default async function Page() {
  const user = await getUser()
  return <UserProfile user={user} />
}

// UserProfile.tsx (client component)
'use client'
export function UserProfile({ user }: { user: User }) {
  return <div>{user.name}</div>
}

// Bad: async arrow function client component
'use client'
const Dashboard = async () => {
  const data = await fetchDashboard()
  return <div>{data}</div>
}

// Good: Fetch in server component, pass data down

2. Non-Serializable Props to Client Components

Props passed from Server → Client must be JSON-serializable.

Detect: Server component passes these to a client component:

• Functions (except Server Actions with 'use server')
• Date objects
• Map, Set, WeakMap, WeakSet
• Class instances
• Symbol (unless globally registered)
• Circular references

// Bad: Function prop
// page.tsx (server)
export default function Page() {
  const handleClick = () => console.log('clicked')
  return <ClientButton onClick={handleClick} />
}

// Good: Define function inside client component
// ClientButton.tsx
'use client'
export function ClientButton() {
  const handleClick = () => console.log('clicked')
  return <button onClick={handleClick}>Click</button>
}

// Bad: Date object (silently becomes string, then crashes)
// page.tsx (server)
export default async function Page() {
  const post = await getPost()
  return <PostCard createdAt={post.createdAt} /> // Date object
}

// PostCard.tsx (client) - will crash on .getFullYear()
'use client'
export function PostCard({ createdAt }: { createdAt: Date }) {
  return <span>{createdAt.getFullYear()}</span> // Runtime error!
}

// Good: Serialize to string on server
// page.tsx (server)
export default async function Page() {
  const post = await getPost()
  return <PostCard createdAt={post.createdAt.toISOString()} />
}

// PostCard.tsx (client)
'use client'
export function PostCard({ createdAt }: { createdAt: string }) {
  const date = new Date(createdAt)
  return <span>{date.getFullYear()}</span>
}

// Bad: Class instance
const user = new UserModel(data)
<ClientProfile user={user} /> // Methods will be stripped

// Good: Pass plain object
const user = await getUser()
<ClientProfile user={{ id: user.id, name: user.name }} />

// Bad: Map/Set
<ClientComponent items={new Map([['a', 1]])} />

// Good: Convert to array/object
<ClientComponent items={Object.fromEntries(map)} />
<ClientComponent items={Array.from(set)} />

3. Server Actions Are the Exception

Functions marked with 'use server' CAN be passed to client components.

// Valid: Server Action can be passed
// actions.ts
'use server'
export async function submitForm(formData: FormData) {
  // server-side logic
}

// page.tsx (server)
import { submitForm } from './actions'
export default function Page() {
  return <ClientForm onSubmit={submitForm} /> // OK!
}

// ClientForm.tsx (client)
'use client'
export function ClientForm({ onSubmit }: { onSubmit: (data: FormData) => Promise<void> }) {
  return <form action={onSubmit}>...</form>
}

Quick Reference

Pattern	Valid?	Fix
'use client' + async function	No	Fetch in server parent, pass data
Pass () => {} to client	No	Define in client or use server action
Pass new Date() to client	No	Use .toISOString()
Pass new Map() to client	No	Convert to object/array
Pass class instance to client	No	Pass plain object
Pass server action to client	Yes	-
Pass string/number/boolean	Yes	-
Pass plain object/array	Yes	-