"""OpenTelemetry telemetry initialization and configuration."""

import logging
import os

from opentelemetry import trace
from opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.proto.http.trace_exporter import OTLPSpanExporter
from opentelemetry.sdk.resources import Resource
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace import TracerProvider
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export import BatchSpanProcessor
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.sampling import ParentBased, TraceIdRatioBased

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class TelemetryService:
    """Service responsible for OpenTelemetry distributed tracing.

    Initializes the OTEL SDK with OTLP exporters and provides
    tracing utilities for coordinator operations.

    Example:
        >>> service = TelemetryService()
        >>> service.initialize()
        >>> tracer = service.get_tracer()
    """

    def __init__(self) -> None:
        """Initialize the TelemetryService."""
        self.enabled = os.getenv("OTEL_ENABLED", "true").lower() != "false"
        self.service_name = os.getenv("OTEL_SERVICE_NAME", "mosaic-coordinator")
        self.provider: TracerProvider | None = None
        self._tracer: trace.Tracer | None = None

    def _get_sampling_ratio(self) -> float:
        """Get the trace sampling ratio from environment variable.

        Returns 1.0 (sample all traces) by default.
        Clamps value between 0.0 and 1.0.

        Returns:
            The sampling ratio between 0.0 and 1.0
        """
        env_value = os.getenv("OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG")
        if not env_value:
            return 1.0

        try:
            parsed = float(env_value)
        except ValueError:
            logger.warning(
                f"Invalid OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG value: {env_value}, using default 1.0"
            )
            return 1.0

        # Clamp to valid range
        clamped = max(0.0, min(1.0, parsed))
        if clamped != parsed:
            logger.warning(f"OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG clamped from {parsed} to {clamped}")

        return clamped

    def _get_deployment_environment(self) -> str:
        """Get the deployment environment from environment variables.

        Defaults to 'development' if not set.

        Returns:
            The deployment environment string
        """
        return os.getenv("OTEL_DEPLOYMENT_ENVIRONMENT", "development")

    def _get_otlp_endpoint(self) -> str:
        """Get the OTLP endpoint from environment variable.

        Returns:
            The OTLP endpoint URL
        """
        return os.getenv("OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT", "http://localhost:4318/v1/traces")

    def initialize(self) -> None:
        """Initialize the OpenTelemetry SDK with configured exporters.

        This should be called during application startup.
        """
        if not self.enabled:
            logger.info("OpenTelemetry tracing is disabled")
            self._tracer = trace.get_tracer("noop")
            return

        try:
            # Create resource with service metadata
            resource = Resource.create(
                attributes={
                    "service.name": self.service_name,
                    "service.version": "0.0.1",
                    "deployment.environment": self._get_deployment_environment(),
                }
            )

            # Create sampler with parent-based strategy
            sampling_ratio = self._get_sampling_ratio()
            sampler = ParentBased(root=TraceIdRatioBased(sampling_ratio))

            # Create tracer provider
            self.provider = TracerProvider(resource=resource, sampler=sampler)

            # Create OTLP exporter
            otlp_endpoint = self._get_otlp_endpoint()
            exporter = OTLPSpanExporter(endpoint=otlp_endpoint)

            # Add span processor
            processor = BatchSpanProcessor(exporter)
            self.provider.add_span_processor(processor)

            # Set global tracer provider
            trace.set_tracer_provider(self.provider)

            # Get tracer instance
            self._tracer = trace.get_tracer(self.service_name)

            logger.info(
                f"OpenTelemetry SDK started for service: {self.service_name} "
                f"(environment: {self._get_deployment_environment()}, "
                f"sampling: {sampling_ratio}, endpoint: {otlp_endpoint})"
            )

        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"Failed to initialize OpenTelemetry SDK: {e}")
            # Fallback to noop tracer to prevent application failures
            self._tracer = trace.get_tracer("noop")

    def get_tracer(self) -> trace.Tracer:
        """Get the tracer instance for creating spans.

        Returns:
            The configured tracer instance
        """
        if self._tracer is None:
            # Initialize if not already done
            self.initialize()
        # Type narrowing after None guard
        assert self._tracer is not None  # nosec B101
        return self._tracer

    def shutdown(self) -> None:
        """Shutdown the OpenTelemetry SDK gracefully.

        This should be called during application shutdown.
        """
        if self.provider is not None:
            try:
                self.provider.shutdown()
                logger.info("OpenTelemetry SDK shut down successfully")
            except Exception as e:
                logger.error(f"Error shutting down OpenTelemetry SDK: {e}")


# Global telemetry service instance
_telemetry_service: TelemetryService | None = None


def get_tracer() -> trace.Tracer:
    """Get the global tracer instance.

    Returns:
        The configured tracer instance
    """
    global _telemetry_service
    if _telemetry_service is None:
        _telemetry_service = TelemetryService()
        _telemetry_service.initialize()
    return _telemetry_service.get_tracer()


def shutdown_telemetry() -> None:
    """Shutdown the global telemetry service.

    This should be called during application shutdown.
    """
    global _telemetry_service
    if _telemetry_service is not None:
        _telemetry_service.shutdown()