feat(ri-050): RI-5-001 typed freshness states and stale-safe Mission Control surfaces (#1275)

apps/web/src/lib/freshness/model.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import type { Task } from '@/lib/types';
+import {
+  acceptSnapshot,
+  assertMutable,
+  canMutate,
+  combineFreshness,
+  computeDigest,
+  computeFreshness,
+  DEFAULT_FRESHNESS_POLICY,
+  formatAge,
+  type FreshSnapshot,
+  invalidationReasonLabels,
+  StaleMutationError,
+  UNKNOWN_VERDICT,
+  verdictValue,
+} from './model';
+import { validateProjectCollection, validateTaskCollection } from './validators';
+
+const NOW = 1_800_000_000_000;
+
+const policy = { ...DEFAULT_FRESHNESS_POLICY, staleAfterMs: 60_000 };
+
+const taskPayload: Task[] = [
+  {
+    id: 'task-1',
+    title: 'T1',
+    description: null,
+    status: 'not-started',
+    priority: 'high',
+    projectId: 'project-1',
+    missionId: null,
+    assignee: null,
+    tags: null,
+    dueDate: null,
+    metadata: null,
+    createdAt: '2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z',
+    updatedAt: '2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z',
+  },
+];
+
+function acceptedTaskSnapshot(
+  overrides: Partial<FreshSnapshot<typeof taskPayload>> = {},
+): FreshSnapshot<typeof taskPayload> {
+  const result = acceptSnapshot({
+    value: taskPayload,
+    validate: validateTaskCollection,
+    previous: null,
+    policy,
+    source: 'gateway:/api/tasks',
+    now: NOW,
+  });
+  if (result.outcome !== 'accepted') {
+    throw new Error(`fixture setup failed: ${result.reason}`);
+  }
+  return { ...result.snapshot, ...overrides };
+}
+
+describe('computeFreshness', () => {
+  it('treats a missing snapshot as unavailable, never as an empty healthy collection', () => {
+    expect(computeFreshness({ snapshot: null, policy, now: NOW })).toBe('unavailable');
+  });
+
+  it('returns current for a fresh verified snapshot regardless of data emptiness', () => {
+    const empty = acceptSnapshot({
+      value: [],
+      validate: validateTaskCollection,
+      previous: null,
+      policy,
+      source: 'gateway:/api/tasks',
+      now: NOW,
+    });
+    if (empty.outcome !== 'accepted') throw new Error('expected acceptance');
+    expect(computeFreshness({ snapshot: empty.snapshot, policy, now: NOW })).toBe('current');
+  });
+
+  it('degrades to stale once the snapshot ages past staleAfterMs', () => {
+    const snapshot = acceptedTaskSnapshot();
+    expect(computeFreshness({ snapshot, policy, now: NOW + 60_001 })).toBe('stale');
+    expect(computeFreshness({ snapshot, policy, now: NOW + 59_999 })).toBe('current');
+  });
+
+  it('degrades to stale when the latest revalidation failed', () => {
+    const snapshot = acceptedTaskSnapshot();
+    expect(computeFreshness({ snapshot, policy, now: NOW, degraded: true })).toBe('stale');
+  });
+});
+
+describe('mutation guard', () => {
+  it('permits mutations only on current data', () => {
+    expect(canMutate('current')).toBe(true);
+    for (const state of ['stale', 'partial', 'unknown', 'unavailable'] as const) {
+      expect(canMutate(state)).toBe(false);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('refuses mutations on non-current data via assertMutable', () => {
+    expect(() => assertMutable('current')).not.toThrow();
+    for (const state of ['stale', 'partial', 'unknown', 'unavailable'] as const) {
+      let thrown: unknown;
+      try {
+        assertMutable(state);
+      } catch (caught) {
+        thrown = caught;
+      }
+      expect(thrown).toBeInstanceOf(StaleMutationError);
+      expect(thrown).toBeInstanceOf(Error);
+      if (thrown instanceof StaleMutationError) {
+        expect(thrown.name).toBe('StaleMutationError');
+        expect(thrown.freshness).toBe(state);
+        expect(thrown.message).toContain(state);
+        expect(thrown.message).toContain('revalidat');
+      }
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+describe('acceptSnapshot', () => {
+  it('accepts a valid payload with provenance', () => {
+    const result = acceptSnapshot({
+      value: taskPayload,
+      validate: validateTaskCollection,
+      previous: null,
+      policy,
+      source: 'gateway:/api/tasks',
+      now: NOW,
+    });
+    expect(result.outcome).toBe('accepted');
+    if (result.outcome !== 'accepted') return;
+    expect(result.snapshot.source).toBe('gateway:/api/tasks');
+    expect(result.snapshot.version).toBe(1);
+    expect(result.snapshot.fetchedAt).toBe(NOW);
+    expect(result.snapshot.data).toEqual(taskPayload);
+  });
+
+  it('invalidates a schema-mismatched payload instead of rendering it', () => {
+    const result = acceptSnapshot({
+      value: { not: 'an array' },
+      validate: validateTaskCollection,
+      previous: acceptedTaskSnapshot(),
+      policy,
+      source: 'gateway:/api/tasks',
+      now: NOW,
+    });
+    expect(result).toEqual({ outcome: 'invalidated', reason: 'schema-mismatch' });
+    expect(invalidationReasonLabels['schema-mismatch']).toContain('schema');
+  });
+
+  it('invalidates cross-workspace payloads', () => {
+    const userOne = acceptSnapshot({
+      value: [
+        {
+          id: 'p1',
+          name: 'P1',
+          description: null,
+          status: 'active',
+          userId: 'user-1',
+          metadata: null,
+          createdAt: '2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z',
+          updatedAt: '2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z',
+        },
+      ],
+      validate: validateProjectCollection,
+      previous: null,
+      policy,
+      source: 'gateway:/api/projects',
+      now: NOW,
+    });
+    if (userOne.outcome !== 'accepted') throw new Error('expected acceptance');
+
+    const switched = acceptSnapshot({
+      value: [
+        {
+          id: 'p9',
+          name: 'P9',
+          description: null,
+          status: 'active',
+          userId: 'user-2',
+          metadata: null,
+          createdAt: '2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z',
+          updatedAt: '2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z',
+        },
+      ],
+      validate: validateProjectCollection,
+      previous: userOne.snapshot,
+      policy,
+      source: 'gateway:/api/projects',
+      now: NOW,
+    });
+    expect(switched).toEqual({ outcome: 'invalidated', reason: 'cross-workspace' });
+  });
+
+  it('keeps the previous workspace for collections with no intrinsic identity', () => {
+    const userOne = acceptSnapshot({
+      value: [
+        {
+          id: 'p1',
+          name: 'P1',
+          description: null,
+          status: 'active',
+          userId: 'user-1',
+          metadata: null,
+          createdAt: '2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z',
+          updatedAt: '2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z',
+        },
+      ],
+      validate: validateProjectCollection,
+      previous: null,
+      policy,
+      source: 'gateway:/api/projects',
+      now: NOW,
+    });
+    if (userOne.outcome !== 'accepted') throw new Error('expected acceptance');
+
+    // Empty list after the user deleted every project: no identity to check,
+    // so the verified scope is retained and the empty state stays healthy.
+    const emptied = acceptSnapshot({
+      value: [],
+      validate: validateProjectCollection,
+      previous: userOne.snapshot,
+      policy,
+      source: 'gateway:/api/projects',
+      now: NOW,
+    });
+    expect(emptied.outcome).toBe('accepted');
+    if (emptied.outcome === 'accepted') {
+      expect(emptied.snapshot.data).toEqual([]);
+      expect(emptied.snapshot.workspace).toBe('user-1');
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('invalidates version regressions', () => {
+    const previous = acceptedTaskSnapshot({ version: 7 });
+    const regressed = acceptSnapshot({
+      value: taskPayload,
+      validate: validateTaskCollection,
+      previous,
+      policy,
+      source: 'gateway:/api/tasks',
+      now: NOW,
+      incomingVersion: 3,
+    });
+    expect(regressed).toEqual({ outcome: 'invalidated', reason: 'version-regression' });
+
+    const newerSchema = acceptedTaskSnapshot({ schemaVersion: 4 });
+    const downgradedClient = acceptSnapshot({
+      value: taskPayload,
+      validate: validateTaskCollection,
+      previous: newerSchema,
+      policy: { ...policy, schemaVersion: 2 },
+      source: 'gateway:/api/tasks',
+      now: NOW,
+    });
+    expect(downgradedClient).toEqual({ outcome: 'invalidated', reason: 'version-regression' });
+  });
+
+  it('increments the version monotonically across accepted snapshots', () => {
+    const first = acceptedTaskSnapshot();
+    const second = acceptSnapshot({
+      value: taskPayload,
+      validate: validateTaskCollection,
+      previous: first,
+      policy,
+      source: 'gateway:/api/tasks',
+      now: NOW,
+    });
+    expect(second.outcome).toBe('accepted');
+    if (second.outcome === 'accepted') {
+      expect(second.snapshot.version).toBe(first.version + 1);
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+describe('combineFreshness', () => {
+  it('gates the surface on the primary collection', () => {
+    expect(combineFreshness('unavailable', ['current'])).toBe('unavailable');
+    expect(combineFreshness('unknown', ['current'])).toBe('unknown');
+    expect(combineFreshness('current', [])).toBe('current');
+  });
+
+  it('degrades to partial when a secondary is unavailable', () => {
+    expect(combineFreshness('current', ['current', 'unavailable'])).toBe('partial');
+  });
+
+  it('degrades to unknown while a secondary is still loading', () => {
+    expect(combineFreshness('current', ['unknown'])).toBe('unknown');
+  });
+
+  it('degrades to stale when any collection is stale', () => {
+    expect(combineFreshness('current', ['stale'])).toBe('stale');
+    expect(combineFreshness('stale', ['current'])).toBe('stale');
+  });
+
+  it('propagates partial secondaries', () => {
+    expect(combineFreshness('current', ['partial'])).toBe('partial');
+  });
+});
+
+describe('computeDigest', () => {
+  it('is stable across key order and changes with data', () => {
+    const a = computeDigest({ x: 1, y: [1, 2] });
+    const b = computeDigest({ y: [1, 2], x: 1 });
+    expect(a).toBe(b);
+    expect(computeDigest({ x: 1, y: [1, 3] })).not.toBe(a);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('verdictValue', () => {
+  it('returns the value only for verified inputs', () => {
+    expect(verdictValue(true, '5')).toBe('5');
+    expect(verdictValue(false, '5')).toBe(UNKNOWN_VERDICT);
+    expect(verdictValue(false, '5')).not.toBe('5');
+  });
+});
+
+describe('formatAge', () => {
+  it('labels age in human terms', () => {
+    expect(formatAge(NOW, NOW)).toBe('just now');
+    expect(formatAge(NOW, NOW + 15_000)).toBe('under a minute ago');
+    expect(formatAge(NOW, NOW + 120_000)).toBe('2m ago');
+    expect(formatAge(NOW, NOW + 3 * 3_600_000)).toBe('3h ago');
+    expect(formatAge(NOW, NOW + 2 * 86_400_000)).toBe('2d ago');
+  });
+});

apps/web/src/lib/freshness/model.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+/**
+ * Typed freshness model for gateway-fetched collections (RI-5-001).
+ *
+ * A failed or stale fetch must never be indistinguishable from an empty
+ * healthy collection. Every fetched surface carries an explicit freshness
+ * state, a verified snapshot identity (source, workspace, version, age), and
+ * a mutation guard that refuses state-changing operations unless the data is
+ * verified current.
+ */
+
+/** Freshness states for fetched data. Never inferred from emptiness. */
+export type FreshnessState = 'current' | 'stale' | 'partial' | 'unknown' | 'unavailable';
+
+/**
+ * Reasons a snapshot is invalidated. An invalidated snapshot is treated as
+ * unavailable and is never rendered as current.
+ */
+export type InvalidationReason =
+  | 'cache-corruption'
+  | 'cross-workspace'
+  | 'schema-mismatch'
+  | 'version-regression';
+
+/** Human-readable labels for invalidation reasons (UI + error messages). */
+export const invalidationReasonLabels: Record<InvalidationReason, string> = {
+  'cache-corruption': 'cached snapshot failed integrity checks',
+  'cross-workspace': 'data belongs to a different workspace',
+  'schema-mismatch': 'response did not match the expected schema',
+  'version-regression': 'snapshot version regressed below the accepted version',
+};
+
+/** A verified snapshot of fetched data with full provenance. */
+export interface FreshSnapshot<T> {
+  readonly data: T;
+  /** Source identity of the fetch, e.g. `gateway:/api/tasks`. */
+  readonly source: string;
+  /** Workspace scope the data belongs to. */
+  readonly workspace: string;
+  /** Monotonic snapshot sequence number for this surface. */
+  readonly version: number;
+  /** Schema version of the validator that accepted this snapshot. */
+  readonly schemaVersion: number;
+  /** Epoch ms at which the data was verified. */
+  readonly fetchedAt: number;
+  /** Integrity digest of `data`, used to detect cache corruption. */
+  readonly digest: string;
+}
+
+/** Provenance label rendered next to last-known data. */
+export interface FreshnessLabel {
+  readonly source: string;
+  readonly version: number;
+  readonly fetchedAt: number;
+}
+
+/** Policy governing freshness for a surface. */
+export interface FreshnessPolicy {
+  /** Active workspace scope. Snapshots from other scopes are invalidated. */
+  readonly workspace: string;
+  /** Schema version of the current validator. */
+  readonly schemaVersion: number;
+  /** Age after which a verified snapshot degrades from current to stale. */
+  readonly staleAfterMs: number;
+}
+
+export const DEFAULT_FRESHNESS_POLICY: FreshnessPolicy = {
+  workspace: 'default',
+  schemaVersion: 1,
+  staleAfterMs: 60_000,
+};
+
+/** Payload returned by a successful schema validation. */
+export interface FreshPayload<T> {
+  readonly data: T;
+  /**
+   * Workspace identity extracted from the payload itself when the collection
+   * carries one (e.g. a uniform `userId` on projects). `null` when the
+   * collection has no intrinsic workspace identity.
+   */
+  readonly workspace: string | null;
+}
+
+/** Error thrown when a mutation is attempted on non-current data. */
+export class StaleMutationError extends Error {
+  readonly freshness: FreshnessState;
+
+  constructor(freshness: FreshnessState) {
+    super(`Refused mutation on ${freshness} data: revalidation is required before mutating.`);
+    this.name = 'StaleMutationError';
+    this.freshness = freshness;
+  }
+}
+
+/** Stable JSON digest used for snapshot integrity checks. */
+export function computeDigest(value: unknown): string {
+  // FNV-1a 32-bit over the stable JSON serialization. This is an integrity
+  // check against corruption, not a cryptographic guarantee.
+  let hash = 0x811c9dc5;
+  for (const byte of stableStringify(value)) {
+    hash ^= byte.charCodeAt(0);
+    hash = Math.imul(hash, 0x01000193) >>> 0;
+  }
+  return hash.toString(16).padStart(8, '0');
+}
+
+function stableStringify(value: unknown): string {
+  return serialize(value);
+}
+
+function serialize(value: unknown): string {
+  if (value === null || typeof value !== 'object') return JSON.stringify(value) ?? 'null';
+  if (Array.isArray(value)) return `[${value.map(serialize).join(',')}]`;
+  const entries = Object.entries(value as Record<string, unknown>)
+    .filter(([, item]) => item !== undefined)
+    .sort(([left], [right]) => (left < right ? -1 : left > right ? 1 : 0))
+    .map(([key, item]) => `${JSON.stringify(key)}:${serialize(item)}`);
+  return `{${entries.join(',')}}`;
+}
+
+export type AcceptSnapshotResult<T> =
+  | { readonly outcome: 'accepted'; readonly snapshot: FreshSnapshot<T> }
+  | { readonly outcome: 'invalidated'; readonly reason: InvalidationReason };
+
+export interface AcceptSnapshotOptions<T> {
+  /** Raw fetched value (untrusted JSON). */
+  readonly value: unknown;
+  /** Schema validator; returns `null` when the value does not match. */
+  readonly validate: (value: unknown) => FreshPayload<T> | null;
+  /** Previously accepted snapshot for this surface, if any. */
+  readonly previous: FreshSnapshot<T> | null;
+  readonly policy: FreshnessPolicy;
+  readonly source: string;
+  /**
+   * Version carried by the incoming payload when the transport exposes one.
+   * Must not regress below the accepted snapshot's version.
+   */
+  readonly incomingVersion?: number;
+  readonly now: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Validate and accept a fetched value as a snapshot, or invalidate it.
+ *
+ * Invalidation rules (each treated as unavailable, never rendered current):
+ * - schema mismatch: the payload fails validation
+ * - cross-workspace: the payload's workspace differs from the verified one
+ * - version regression: payload/schema version is below the accepted one
+ */
+export function acceptSnapshot<T>(options: AcceptSnapshotOptions<T>): AcceptSnapshotResult<T> {
+  const payload = options.validate(options.value);
+  if (payload === null) {
+    return { outcome: 'invalidated', reason: 'schema-mismatch' };
+  }
+
+  // Workspace identity: the payload's own scope wins; a collection with no
+  // intrinsic identity (e.g. an empty list after every project was deleted)
+  // keeps the previously verified scope rather than resetting to the policy
+  // default, so a legitimately empty response is not mistaken for a scope
+  // change.
+  const workspace = payload.workspace ?? options.previous?.workspace ?? options.policy.workspace;
+  if (options.previous !== null && options.previous.workspace !== workspace) {
+    return { outcome: 'invalidated', reason: 'cross-workspace' };
+  }
+  if (options.previous !== null && options.policy.schemaVersion < options.previous.schemaVersion) {
+    return { outcome: 'invalidated', reason: 'version-regression' };
+  }
+  if (
+    options.incomingVersion !== undefined &&
+    options.previous !== null &&
+    options.incomingVersion < options.previous.version
+  ) {
+    return { outcome: 'invalidated', reason: 'version-regression' };
+  }
+
+  const snapshot: FreshSnapshot<T> = {
+    data: payload.data,
+    source: options.source,
+    workspace,
+    version: options.incomingVersion ?? (options.previous?.version ?? 0) + 1,
+    schemaVersion: options.policy.schemaVersion,
+    fetchedAt: options.now,
+    digest: computeDigest(payload.data),
+  };
+  return { outcome: 'accepted', snapshot };
+}
+
+export interface ComputeFreshnessOptions {
+  readonly snapshot: FreshSnapshot<unknown> | null;
+  readonly policy: FreshnessPolicy;
+  readonly now: number;
+  /**
+   * True when the snapshot cannot be trusted as current regardless of age:
+   * the latest revalidation failed, or the snapshot was restored from cache
+   * and has not been verified by a fetch in this session.
+   */
+  readonly degraded?: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compute the freshness state of a snapshot. A missing snapshot is
+ * `unavailable` (never "empty and healthy"); a degraded or aged snapshot is
+ * `stale` (situational awareness only).
+ */
+export function computeFreshness(options: ComputeFreshnessOptions): FreshnessState {
+  const { snapshot, policy, now, degraded = false } = options;
+  if (snapshot === null) return 'unavailable';
+  if (degraded) return 'stale';
+  if (now - snapshot.fetchedAt > policy.staleAfterMs) return 'stale';
+  return 'current';
+}
+
+/** Only verified-current data may back a state-changing action. */
+export function canMutate(state: FreshnessState): boolean {
+  return state === 'current';
+}
+
+/** Defense in depth: reject the mutation call itself on non-current data. */
+export function assertMutable(state: FreshnessState): void {
+  if (!canMutate(state)) {
+    throw new StaleMutationError(state);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Combine freshness across a multi-collection surface (primary + secondaries).
+ * The primary collection gates the surface: unknown while it loads,
+ * unavailable when it fails. Missing secondaries degrade the surface to
+ * `partial`; aged collections degrade it to `stale`.
+ */
+export function combineFreshness(
+  primary: FreshnessState,
+  secondaries: readonly FreshnessState[],
+): FreshnessState {
+  if (primary === 'unavailable') return 'unavailable';
+  if (primary === 'unknown') return 'unknown';
+  if (secondaries.includes('unavailable')) return 'partial';
+  if (secondaries.includes('unknown')) return 'unknown';
+  if (secondaries.includes('stale') || primary === 'stale') return 'stale';
+  if (secondaries.includes('partial')) return 'partial';
+  return 'current';
+}
+
+/** Render-safe age label for snapshot provenance. */
+export function formatAge(fetchedAt: number, now: number): string {
+  const ageMs = Math.max(0, now - fetchedAt);
+  if (ageMs < 10_000) return 'just now';
+  const minutes = Math.floor(ageMs / 60_000);
+  if (minutes < 1) return 'under a minute ago';
+  if (minutes < 60) return `${minutes}m ago`;
+  const hours = Math.floor(minutes / 60);
+  if (hours < 24) return `${hours}h ago`;
+  const days = Math.floor(hours / 24);
+  return `${days}d ago`;
+}
+
+/** Derived verdict placeholder for non-current inputs — never a green value. */
+export const UNKNOWN_VERDICT = '?';
+
+export function verdictValue(verified: boolean, value: string): string {
+  return verified ? value : UNKNOWN_VERDICT;
+}

apps/web/src/lib/freshness/snapshot-cache.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { acceptSnapshot, DEFAULT_FRESHNESS_POLICY } from './model';
+import { clearSnapshotCache, readSnapshotCache, writeSnapshotCache } from './snapshot-cache';
+import { validateProjectCollection, validateTaskCollection } from './validators';
+import { projectFixtures, taskFixtures } from '@/spa/pages/page-fixtures';
+import type { Project, Task } from '@/lib/types';
+
+const KEY = 'test:tasks';
+const NOW = 1_800_000_000_000;
+const policy = { ...DEFAULT_FRESHNESS_POLICY, staleAfterMs: 60_000 };
+
+function storedTaskSnapshot() {
+  const result = acceptSnapshot({
+    value: taskFixtures,
+    validate: validateTaskCollection,
+    previous: null,
+    policy,
+    source: 'gateway:/api/tasks',
+    now: NOW,
+  });
+  if (result.outcome !== 'accepted') throw new Error('fixture setup failed');
+  return result.snapshot;
+}
+
+function storedProjectSnapshot() {
+  const result = acceptSnapshot({
+    value: projectFixtures,
+    validate: validateProjectCollection,
+    previous: null,
+    policy,
+    source: 'gateway:/api/projects',
+    now: NOW,
+  });
+  if (result.outcome !== 'accepted') throw new Error('fixture setup failed');
+  return result.snapshot;
+}
+
+function readTasks() {
+  return readSnapshotCache({
+    key: KEY,
+    workspace: policy.workspace,
+    policy,
+    validate: validateTaskCollection,
+  });
+}
+
+/** Write an arbitrary value directly at the raw cache slot. */
+function writeRaw(key: string, value: unknown): void {
+  sessionStorage.setItem(`mosaic:freshness:v1:${key}`, JSON.stringify(value));
+}
+
+/** Parse and re-write the stored entry (for tampering with internals). */
+function tamperStored<T>(key: string, mutate: (stored: T) => void): void {
+  const parsed = JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(`mosaic:freshness:v1:${key}`) ?? '{}') as T;
+  mutate(parsed);
+  writeRaw(key, parsed);
+}
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  sessionStorage.clear();
+});
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  sessionStorage.clear();
+});
+
+describe('readSnapshotCache', () => {
+  it('misses when nothing is stored', () => {
+    expect(readTasks()).toEqual({ outcome: 'miss' });
+  });
+
+  it('hits for a well-formed entry and preserves provenance', () => {
+    const snapshot = storedTaskSnapshot();
+    writeSnapshotCache(KEY, snapshot);
+
+    const result = readTasks();
+    expect(result.outcome).toBe('hit');
+    if (result.outcome === 'hit') {
+      expect(result.snapshot.data).toEqual(taskFixtures);
+      expect(result.snapshot.source).toBe('gateway:/api/tasks');
+      expect(result.snapshot.version).toBe(snapshot.version);
+      expect(result.snapshot.fetchedAt).toBe(snapshot.fetchedAt);
+      expect(result.snapshot.workspace).toBe(snapshot.workspace);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('invalidates unparsable entries as cache corruption', () => {
+    sessionStorage.setItem(`mosaic:freshness:v1:${KEY}`, '{not json');
+    expect(readTasks()).toEqual({ outcome: 'invalidated', reason: 'cache-corruption' });
+  });
+
+  it('invalidates structurally wrong entries as cache corruption', () => {
+    const malformed: unknown[] = [
+      'nested but not a snapshot',
+      { data: taskFixtures }, // missing provenance fields
+      {
+        data: taskFixtures,
+        source: 1,
+        workspace: 'w',
+        version: 1,
+        schemaVersion: 1,
+        fetchedAt: 1,
+        digest: 'x',
+      },
+      null,
+      17,
+    ];
+    for (const entry of malformed) {
+      writeRaw(KEY, entry);
+      expect(readTasks()).toEqual({ outcome: 'invalidated', reason: 'cache-corruption' });
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('invalidates digest mismatches as cache corruption (tampered data)', () => {
+    writeSnapshotCache(KEY, storedTaskSnapshot());
+    tamperStored<{ data: Task[] }>(KEY, (stored) => {
+      stored.data = [...stored.data, { ...stored.data[0]!, id: 'injected-task' }];
+    });
+    expect(readTasks()).toEqual({ outcome: 'invalidated', reason: 'cache-corruption' });
+  });
+
+  it('invalidates entries scoped to another workspace', () => {
+    const snapshot = storedTaskSnapshot();
+    writeSnapshotCache(KEY, { ...snapshot, workspace: 'someone-else' });
+    expect(readTasks()).toEqual({ outcome: 'invalidated', reason: 'cross-workspace' });
+  });
+
+  it('invalidates entries written by a newer schema as a version regression', () => {
+    const snapshot = storedTaskSnapshot();
+    writeSnapshotCache(KEY, { ...snapshot, schemaVersion: policy.schemaVersion + 1 });
+    expect(readTasks()).toEqual({ outcome: 'invalidated', reason: 'version-regression' });
+  });
+
+  it('invalidates entries whose data no longer validates (schema mismatch)', () => {
+    writeSnapshotCache(KEY, storedTaskSnapshot());
+    tamperStored<{ data: unknown }>(KEY, (stored) => {
+      stored.data = { malformed: true };
+    });
+    expect(readTasks()).toEqual({ outcome: 'invalidated', reason: 'schema-mismatch' });
+  });
+
+  it('never reports a corrupted raw entry as a hit (negative control)', () => {
+    for (const raw of ['{oops', 'null', '"string"', '[]', '12']) {
+      sessionStorage.setItem(`mosaic:freshness:v1:${KEY}`, raw);
+      const result = readTasks();
+      expect(result.outcome).not.toBe('hit');
+      expect(result.outcome).toBe('invalidated');
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('scopes project collections by their workspace identity', () => {
+    const snapshot = storedProjectSnapshot();
+    writeSnapshotCache('test:projects', snapshot);
+
+    const sameScope = readSnapshotCache({
+      key: 'test:projects',
+      workspace: 'user-1',
+      policy,
+      validate: validateProjectCollection,
+    });
+    expect(sameScope.outcome).toBe('hit');
+
+    const foreignScope = readSnapshotCache({
+      key: 'test:projects',
+      workspace: 'user-2',
+      policy,
+      validate: validateProjectCollection,
+    });
+    expect(foreignScope).toEqual({ outcome: 'invalidated', reason: 'cross-workspace' });
+  });
+});
+
+describe('writeSnapshotCache round-trip', () => {
+  it('round-trips an accepted project snapshot', () => {
+    const snapshot = storedProjectSnapshot();
+    writeSnapshotCache('test:projects', snapshot);
+    const result = readSnapshotCache({
+      key: 'test:projects',
+      workspace: snapshot.workspace,
+      policy,
+      validate: validateProjectCollection,
+    });
+    expect(result.outcome).toBe('hit');
+    if (result.outcome === 'hit') {
+      expect(result.snapshot.data).toEqual(projectFixtures as Project[]);
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+describe('clearSnapshotCache', () => {
+  it('drops the entry so the next read misses', () => {
+    writeSnapshotCache(KEY, storedTaskSnapshot());
+    expect(readTasks().outcome).toBe('hit');
+    clearSnapshotCache(KEY);
+    expect(readTasks()).toEqual({ outcome: 'miss' });
+  });
+});

apps/web/src/lib/freshness/snapshot-cache.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+import {
+  computeDigest,
+  type FreshPayload,
+  type FreshSnapshot,
+  type FreshnessPolicy,
+  type InvalidationReason,
+} from './model';
+
+/**
+ * Session-scoped last-known snapshot cache (RI-5-001).
+ *
+ * Restored snapshots are situational awareness only: they surface as `stale`
+ * until a fetch re-verifies them. A cache entry that is corrupted, belongs to
+ * another workspace, was written by a newer schema, or no longer validates is
+ * invalidated (treated as unavailable, never rendered as current).
+ */
+
+const CACHE_PREFIX = 'mosaic:freshness:v1';
+
+interface StoredSnapshot {
+  data: unknown;
+  source: string;
+  workspace: string;
+  version: number;
+  schemaVersion: number;
+  fetchedAt: number;
+  digest: string;
+}
+
+export type SnapshotCacheRead<T> =
+  | { readonly outcome: 'hit'; readonly snapshot: FreshSnapshot<T> }
+  | { readonly outcome: 'miss' }
+  | { readonly outcome: 'invalidated'; readonly reason: InvalidationReason };
+
+export interface ReadSnapshotCacheOptions<T> {
+  readonly key: string;
+  readonly workspace: string;
+  readonly policy: FreshnessPolicy;
+  readonly validate: (value: unknown) => FreshPayload<T> | null;
+}
+
+function cacheKey(key: string): string {
+  return `${CACHE_PREFIX}:${key}`;
+}
+
+function isStoredSnapshot(value: unknown): value is StoredSnapshot {
+  if (typeof value !== 'object' || value === null) return false;
+  const candidate = value as Record<string, unknown>;
+  return (
+    typeof candidate['data'] === 'object' &&
+    candidate['data'] !== null &&
+    typeof candidate['source'] === 'string' &&
+    typeof candidate['workspace'] === 'string' &&
+    typeof candidate['version'] === 'number' &&
+    typeof candidate['schemaVersion'] === 'number' &&
+    typeof candidate['fetchedAt'] === 'number' &&
+    typeof candidate['digest'] === 'string'
+  );
+}
+
+function getStorage(): Storage | null {
+  try {
+    return globalThis.sessionStorage ?? null;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Restore a cached snapshot under the active workspace scope. Every failure
+ * mode maps to an explicit invalidation reason or a miss — never to data
+ * that renders as current.
+ */
+export function readSnapshotCache<T>(options: ReadSnapshotCacheOptions<T>): SnapshotCacheRead<T> {
+  const storage = getStorage();
+  if (storage === null) return { outcome: 'miss' };
+
+  let raw: string | null;
+  try {
+    raw = storage.getItem(cacheKey(options.key));
+  } catch {
+    return { outcome: 'miss' };
+  }
+  if (raw === null) return { outcome: 'miss' };
+
+  let parsed: unknown;
+  try {
+    parsed = JSON.parse(raw);
+  } catch {
+    return { outcome: 'invalidated', reason: 'cache-corruption' };
+  }
+  if (!isStoredSnapshot(parsed)) {
+    return { outcome: 'invalidated', reason: 'cache-corruption' };
+  }
+  if (parsed.workspace !== options.workspace) {
+    return { outcome: 'invalidated', reason: 'cross-workspace' };
+  }
+  if (parsed.schemaVersion > options.policy.schemaVersion) {
+    // Written by a newer build than the running client: version regression.
+    return { outcome: 'invalidated', reason: 'version-regression' };
+  }
+
+  const payload = options.validate(parsed.data);
+  if (payload === null) {
+    return { outcome: 'invalidated', reason: 'schema-mismatch' };
+  }
+  if (computeDigest(payload.data) !== parsed.digest) {
+    return { outcome: 'invalidated', reason: 'cache-corruption' };
+  }
+
+  return {
+    outcome: 'hit',
+    snapshot: {
+      data: payload.data,
+      source: parsed.source,
+      workspace: parsed.workspace,
+      version: parsed.version,
+      schemaVersion: parsed.schemaVersion,
+      fetchedAt: parsed.fetchedAt,
+      digest: parsed.digest,
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+/** Persist a verified snapshot. Failures are non-fatal (cache is best-effort). */
+export function writeSnapshotCache<T>(key: string, snapshot: FreshSnapshot<T>): void {
+  const storage = getStorage();
+  if (storage === null) return;
+  const stored: StoredSnapshot = {
+    data: snapshot.data,
+    source: snapshot.source,
+    workspace: snapshot.workspace,
+    version: snapshot.version,
+    schemaVersion: snapshot.schemaVersion,
+    fetchedAt: snapshot.fetchedAt,
+    digest: snapshot.digest,
+  };
+  try {
+    storage.setItem(cacheKey(key), JSON.stringify(stored));
+  } catch {
+    // Quota or serialization failures simply skip caching.
+  }
+}
+
+/** Drop a cached snapshot (used when a surface invalidates its cache entry). */
+export function clearSnapshotCache(key: string): void {
+  const storage = getStorage();
+  if (storage === null) return;
+  try {
+    storage.removeItem(cacheKey(key));
+  } catch {
+    // Ignorable: a wedged storage entry is detected as corruption on read.
+  }
+}

apps/web/src/lib/freshness/use-fresh-collection.spec.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+import { act } from 'react';
+import { createRoot, type Root } from 'react-dom/client';
+import { afterEach, beforeAll, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import type { Task } from '@/lib/types';
+import { acceptSnapshot, StaleMutationError, DEFAULT_FRESHNESS_POLICY } from './model';
+import type { FreshnessFailure } from './use-fresh-collection';
+import {
+  describeFailure,
+  useFreshCollection,
+  type FreshCollection,
+  type UseFreshCollectionOptions,
+} from './use-fresh-collection';
+import { validateProjectCollection, validateTaskCollection } from './validators';
+import { projectFixtures, taskFixtures } from '@/spa/pages/page-fixtures';
+
+/**
+ * Failure-matrix coverage for the freshness seam (RI-5-001): network failure,
+ * auth failure, malformed response, cache corruption, stale age, schema
+ * mismatch, cross-workspace, recovery, and stale-action rejection — with
+ * negative controls proving no case yields current data or an enabled
+ * mutation.
+ */
+
+const NOW = 1_800_000_000_000;
+
+interface Deferred<T> {
+  promise: Promise<T>;
+  resolve: (value: T) => void;
+  reject: (reason?: unknown) => void;
+}
+
+function createDeferred<T>(): Deferred<T> {
+  let resolve!: (value: T) => void;
+  let reject!: (reason?: unknown) => void;
+  const promise = new Promise<T>((res, rej) => {
+    resolve = res;
+    reject = rej;
+  });
+  return { promise, resolve, reject };
+}
+
+let root: Root | null = null;
+let container: HTMLDivElement;
+let latest: FreshCollection<Task[]> | null = null;
+
+function Probe({
+  options,
+}: {
+  options: UseFreshCollectionOptions<Task[]>;
+}): React.ReactElement | null {
+  latest = useFreshCollection<Task[]>(options);
+  return null;
+}
+
+beforeAll(() => {
+  Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'IS_REACT_ACT_ENVIRONMENT', {
+    configurable: true,
+    value: true,
+  });
+});
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  sessionStorage.clear();
+});
+
+afterEach(async () => {
+  await act(async () => {
+    root?.unmount();
+  });
+  document.body.replaceChildren();
+  root = null;
+  latest = null;
+  sessionStorage.clear();
+  vi.restoreAllMocks();
+});
+
+async function renderCollection(
+  options: UseFreshCollectionOptions<Task[]>,
+): Promise<FreshCollection<Task[]>> {
+  container = document.createElement('div');
+  document.body.append(container);
+  root = createRoot(container);
+  await act(async () => {
+    root?.render(<Probe options={options} />);
+  });
+  if (latest === null) throw new Error('hook did not run');
+  return latest;
+}
+
+function taskOptions(
+  overrides: Partial<UseFreshCollectionOptions<Task[]>> = {},
+): UseFreshCollectionOptions<Task[]> {
+  return {
+    source: 'gateway:/api/tasks',
+    fetcher: () => Promise.resolve(taskFixtures),
+    validate: validateTaskCollection,
+    cacheKey: 'tasks',
+    clock: () => NOW,
+    ...overrides,
+  };
+}
+
+function authError(statusCode: number): Error & { statusCode: number } {
+  return Object.assign(new Error(`Request failed with ${statusCode}`), { statusCode });
+}
+
+function seedCache(key: string): number {
+  const result = acceptSnapshot({
+    value: taskFixtures,
+    validate: validateTaskCollection,
+    previous: null,
+    policy: DEFAULT_FRESHNESS_POLICY,
+    source: 'gateway:/api/tasks',
+    now: NOW,
+  });
+  if (result.outcome !== 'accepted') throw new Error('fixture setup failed');
+  sessionStorage.setItem(`mosaic:freshness:v1:${key}`, JSON.stringify({ ...result.snapshot }));
+  return result.snapshot.version;
+}
+
+describe('useFreshCollection failure matrix', () => {
+  it('is unknown (not empty) while the first validation is in flight', async () => {
+    const deferred = createDeferred<Task[]>();
+    const collection = await renderCollection(taskOptions({ fetcher: () => deferred.promise }));
+
+    expect(collection.freshness).toBe('unknown');
+    expect(collection.validating).toBe(true);
+    expect(collection.data).toBeNull();
+    expect(collection.canMutate).toBe(false);
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      deferred.resolve(taskFixtures);
+      await deferred.promise;
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('becomes current with provenance after a verified fetch', async () => {
+    const collection = await renderCollection(taskOptions());
+
+    expect(collection.freshness).toBe('current');
+    expect(collection.data).toEqual(taskFixtures);
+    expect(collection.snapshot?.source).toBe('gateway:/api/tasks');
+    expect(collection.snapshot?.version).toBe(1);
+    expect(collection.failure).toBeNull();
+    expect(collection.canMutate).toBe(true);
+    // Verified snapshot is persisted for last-known restore.
+    expect(sessionStorage.getItem('mosaic:freshness:v1:tasks')).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  it('treats a network failure as unavailable — never an empty healthy collection', async () => {
+    const collection = await renderCollection(
+      taskOptions({ fetcher: () => Promise.reject(new Error('network down')) }),
+    );
+
+    expect(collection.freshness).toBe('unavailable');
+    expect(collection.data).toBeNull();
+    expect(collection.failure).toEqual({ kind: 'fetch', message: 'network down' });
+    expect(collection.canMutate).toBe(false);
+    expect(describeFailure(collection.failure)).toBe('network down');
+  });
+
+  it('treats an auth failure as unavailable and drops the last-known snapshot', async () => {
+    let call = 0;
+    const collection = await renderCollection(
+      taskOptions({
+        fetcher: () => {
+          call += 1;
+          return call === 1 ? Promise.resolve(taskFixtures) : Promise.reject(authError(401));
+        },
+      }),
+    );
+    expect(collection.freshness).toBe('current');
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      await collection.revalidate();
+    });
+
+    expect(latest?.freshness).toBe('unavailable');
+    expect(latest?.data).toBeNull();
+    expect(latest?.failure?.kind).toBe('fetch');
+    // The previous user's data must not linger in the session cache.
+    expect(sessionStorage.getItem('mosaic:freshness:v1:tasks')).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('invalidates a malformed response as a schema mismatch', async () => {
+    const collection = await renderCollection(
+      taskOptions({ fetcher: () => Promise.resolve({ malformed: true }) }),
+    );
+
+    expect(collection.freshness).toBe('unavailable');
+    expect(collection.data).toBeNull();
+    expect(collection.failure).toEqual({ kind: 'invalidated', reason: 'schema-mismatch' });
+    expect(collection.canMutate).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('keeps the previous snapshot as labeled stale when a later payload mismatches', async () => {
+    let call = 0;
+    const collection = await renderCollection(
+      taskOptions({
+        fetcher: () => {
+          call += 1;
+          return call === 1 ? Promise.resolve(taskFixtures) : Promise.resolve('garbage');
+        },
+      }),
+    );
+    expect(collection.freshness).toBe('current');
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      await collection.revalidate();
+    });
+
+    expect(latest?.freshness).toBe('stale');
+    expect(latest?.data).toEqual(taskFixtures);
+    expect(latest?.failure).toEqual({ kind: 'invalidated', reason: 'schema-mismatch' });
+    expect(latest?.canMutate).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('drops the snapshot when the workspace changes under it (cross-workspace)', async () => {
+    let call = 0;
+    const collection = await renderCollection(
+      taskOptions({
+        fetcher: () => {
+          call += 1;
+          return Promise.resolve(
+            call === 1 ? projectFixtures : [{ ...projectFixtures[0], userId: 'user-2' }],
+          );
+        },
+        validate: validateProjectCollection as unknown as (value: unknown) => {
+          data: Task[];
+          workspace: string | null;
+        },
+        source: 'gateway:/api/projects',
+      }),
+    );
+    expect(collection.freshness).toBe('current');
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      await collection.revalidate();
+    });
+
+    expect(latest?.freshness).toBe('unavailable');
+    expect(latest?.data).toBeNull();
+    expect(latest?.failure).toEqual({ kind: 'invalidated', reason: 'cross-workspace' });
+  });
+
+  it('ages from current to stale and refuses mutations on stale data', async () => {
+    let fakeNow = NOW;
+    const collection = await renderCollection(
+      taskOptions({
+        clock: () => fakeNow,
+        policy: { staleAfterMs: 40 },
+        tickMs: 10,
+      }),
+    );
+    expect(collection.freshness).toBe('current');
+
+    // Age the snapshot past the policy and let the tick recompute.
+    fakeNow = NOW + 60;
+    await act(async () => {
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 25));
+    });
+
+    expect(latest?.freshness).toBe('stale');
+    expect(latest?.data).toEqual(taskFixtures);
+    expect(latest?.canMutate).toBe(false);
+
+    const operation = vi.fn(async () => 'result');
+    await expect(latest?.mutate(operation)).rejects.toBeInstanceOf(StaleMutationError);
+    expect(operation).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('recovers to current after a successful revalidation', async () => {
+    let call = 0;
+    const collection = await renderCollection(
+      taskOptions({
+        fetcher: () => {
+          call += 1;
+          return call === 1
+            ? Promise.reject(new Error('first attempt failed'))
+            : Promise.resolve(taskFixtures);
+        },
+      }),
+    );
+    expect(collection.freshness).toBe('unavailable');
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      await collection.revalidate();
+    });
+
+    expect(latest?.freshness).toBe('current');
+    expect(latest?.failure).toBeNull();
+
+    const operation = vi.fn(async (data: Task[]) => data.length);
+    await expect(latest?.mutate(operation)).resolves.toBe(taskFixtures.length);
+    expect(operation).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+  });
+
+  it('restores a cached snapshot as unverified stale data, then verifies it', async () => {
+    const seededVersion = seedCache('tasks');
+    const deferred = createDeferred<Task[]>();
+    const collection = await renderCollection(taskOptions({ fetcher: () => deferred.promise }));
+
+    // Restored data is situational awareness only: labeled stale, never
+    // current, and mutations are refused before verification.
+    expect(collection.freshness).toBe('stale');
+    expect(collection.data).toEqual(taskFixtures);
+    expect(collection.canMutate).toBe(false);
+    await expect(collection.mutate(vi.fn())).rejects.toBeInstanceOf(StaleMutationError);
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      deferred.resolve(taskFixtures);
+      await deferred.promise;
+    });
+
+    expect(latest?.freshness).toBe('current');
+    expect(latest?.snapshot?.version).toBe(seededVersion + 1);
+  });
+
+  it('never promotes corrupted cache data to current (cache corruption)', async () => {
+    sessionStorage.setItem('mosaic:freshness:v1:tasks', '{"data":');
+    const collection = await renderCollection(
+      taskOptions({ fetcher: () => Promise.reject(new Error('still down')) }),
+    );
+
+    expect(collection.freshness).toBe('unavailable');
+    expect(collection.data).toBeNull();
+    expect(collection.canMutate).toBe(false);
+    // The corrupted entry is dropped so it cannot come back.
+    expect(sessionStorage.getItem('mosaic:freshness:v1:tasks')).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('refuses mutations while unknown or unavailable — the call itself, not just the button', async () => {
+    const deferred = createDeferred<Task[]>();
+    const unknown = await renderCollection(taskOptions({ fetcher: () => deferred.promise }));
+    const operation = vi.fn(async () => 'result');
+    await expect(unknown.mutate(operation)).rejects.toBeInstanceOf(StaleMutationError);
+    expect(operation).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    await act(async () => {
+      deferred.reject(new Error('failed'));
+      await deferred.promise.catch(() => undefined);
+    });
+
+    const unavailable = latest!;
+    await expect(unavailable.mutate(operation)).rejects.toBeInstanceOf(StaleMutationError);
+    expect(operation).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(unavailable.canMutate).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('degrades to stale with last-known data when a revalidation fails after success', async () => {
+    let call = 0;
+    const collection = await renderCollection(
+      taskOptions({
+        fetcher: () => {
+          call += 1;
+          return call === 1
+            ? Promise.resolve(taskFixtures)
+            : Promise.reject(new Error('connection lost'));
+        },
+      }),
+    );
+    expect(collection.freshness).toBe('current');
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      await collection.revalidate();
+    });
+
+    expect(latest?.freshness).toBe('stale');
+    expect(latest?.data).toEqual(taskFixtures);
+    const failure: FreshnessFailure | null = latest?.failure ?? null;
+    expect(failure).toEqual({ kind: 'fetch', message: 'connection lost' });
+  });
+});

apps/web/src/lib/freshness/use-fresh-collection.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from 'react';
+import {
+  acceptSnapshot,
+  assertMutable,
+  computeFreshness,
+  DEFAULT_FRESHNESS_POLICY,
+  invalidationReasonLabels,
+  type FreshPayload,
+  type FreshSnapshot,
+  type FreshnessPolicy,
+  type FreshnessState,
+  type InvalidationReason,
+  StaleMutationError,
+} from './model';
+import { clearSnapshotCache, readSnapshotCache, writeSnapshotCache } from './snapshot-cache';
+
+/**
+ * Freshness-aware collection fetch hook (RI-5-001).
+ *
+ * One hook owns one gateway collection end to end: fetch, schema validation,
+ * snapshot acceptance with provenance, session-scoped last-known caching,
+ * aging, and the mutation guard. Pages consume `freshness` and never infer
+ * health from emptiness.
+ */
+
+/** Why the latest validation did not produce a current snapshot. */
+export type FreshnessFailure =
+  | { readonly kind: 'fetch'; readonly message: string }
+  | { readonly kind: 'invalidated'; readonly reason: InvalidationReason };
+
+export interface UseFreshCollectionOptions<T> {
+  /** Source identity for provenance labels, e.g. `gateway:/api/tasks`. */
+  readonly source: string;
+  /** Performs the unvalidated fetch. The hook owns abort and verification. */
+  readonly fetcher: (signal: AbortSignal) => Promise<unknown>;
+  /**
+   * Runtime schema validator. Returning `null` invalidates the payload
+   * (`schema-mismatch`) instead of letting malformed JSON flow into render.
+   */
+  readonly validate: (value: unknown) => FreshPayload<T> | null;
+  /** Overrides of the default freshness policy. */
+  readonly policy?: Partial<FreshnessPolicy>;
+  /**
+   * Session cache key for last-known snapshots. `null`/omitted disables
+   * restore. Restored snapshots are unverified: they render only as
+   * labeled `stale` data until a fetch re-verifies them.
+   */
+  readonly cacheKey?: string | null;
+  /** Injectable clock for deterministic age transitions in tests. */
+  readonly clock?: () => number;
+  /** Aging tick interval override (default derived from `staleAfterMs`). */
+  readonly tickMs?: number;
+  /** When false, no fetch runs (surfaces stay `unavailable`/`unknown`). */
+  readonly enabled?: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface FreshCollection<T> {
+  /** Last verified (or restored-unverified) snapshot, or `null`. */
+  readonly snapshot: FreshSnapshot<T> | null;
+  /** Snapshot data or `null` — never a fabricated empty collection. */
+  readonly data: T | null;
+  readonly freshness: FreshnessState;
+  /** True while a validation request is in flight. */
+  readonly validating: boolean;
+  /** Outcome of the latest failed validation, `null` when healthy. */
+  readonly failure: FreshnessFailure | null;
+  /** False unless freshness is `current`; drives disabled UI affordances. */
+  readonly canMutate: boolean;
+  /** Re-run the fetch and re-verify. Always allowed (it is a read). */
+  readonly revalidate: () => Promise<void>;
+  /**
+   * Run a state-changing operation against verified-current data only.
+   * Rejects with `StaleMutationError` on any other state — the guard fires
+   * even if a disabled button was bypassed (defense in depth).
+   */
+  readonly mutate: <R>(operation: (data: T) => Promise<R>) => Promise<R>;
+}
+
+const defaultClock = (): number => Date.now();
+
+function resolveTickMs(policy: FreshnessPolicy, override?: number): number {
+  if (override !== undefined && override > 0) return override;
+  return Math.min(5_000, Math.max(250, Math.floor(policy.staleAfterMs / 4)));
+}
+
+function isAuthFailure(caught: unknown): boolean {
+  return (
+    typeof caught === 'object' &&
+    caught !== null &&
+    'statusCode' in caught &&
+    ((caught as { statusCode?: unknown }).statusCode === 401 ||
+      (caught as { statusCode?: unknown }).statusCode === 403)
+  );
+}
+
+function fetchFailureMessage(caught: unknown): string {
+  if (caught instanceof Error && caught.message.trim().length > 0) return caught.message;
+  return 'The request failed.';
+}
+
+/** Human-readable summary of a failure for unavailable/stale notices. */
+export function describeFailure(failure: FreshnessFailure | null): string | null {
+  if (failure === null) return null;
+  if (failure.kind === 'fetch') return failure.message;
+  return `The snapshot was invalidated: ${invalidationReasonLabels[failure.reason]}.`;
+}
+
+export function useFreshCollection<T>(options: UseFreshCollectionOptions<T>): FreshCollection<T> {
+  const optionsRef = useRef(options);
+  optionsRef.current = options;
+
+  const policy = useMemo<FreshnessPolicy>(
+    () => ({ ...DEFAULT_FRESHNESS_POLICY, ...options.policy }),
+    [options.policy],
+  );
+  const policyRef = useRef(policy);
+  policyRef.current = policy;
+
+  const clockRef = useRef(options.clock ?? defaultClock);
+  clockRef.current = options.clock ?? defaultClock;
+
+  const [snapshot, setSnapshot] = useState<FreshSnapshot<T> | null>(null);
+  const [failure, setFailure] = useState<FreshnessFailure | null>(null);
+  const [unverified, setUnverified] = useState(false);
+  const [validating, setValidating] = useState(options.enabled !== false);
+  const [now, setNow] = useState(() => (options.clock ?? defaultClock)());
+
+  const snapshotRef = useRef(snapshot);
+  snapshotRef.current = snapshot;
+  const failureRef = useRef(failure);
+  failureRef.current = failure;
+  const unverifiedRef = useRef(unverified);
+  unverifiedRef.current = unverified;
+
+  const runRef = useRef(0);
+  const abortRef = useRef<AbortController | null>(null);
+
+  const revalidate = useCallback(async (): Promise<void> => {
+    const current = optionsRef.current;
+    if (current.enabled === false) {
+      setValidating(false);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const runId = ++runRef.current;
+    abortRef.current?.abort();
+    const controller = new AbortController();
+    abortRef.current = controller;
+    setValidating(true);
+
+    let value: unknown;
+    try {
+      value = await current.fetcher(controller.signal);
+    } catch (caught) {
+      if (runRef.current !== runId || controller.signal.aborted) return;
+      if (isAuthFailure(caught)) {
+        // An unauthenticated viewer must not keep (or be served) the
+        // previous user's last-known data.
+        setSnapshot(null);
+        setUnverified(false);
+        if (current.cacheKey) clearSnapshotCache(current.cacheKey);
+      }
+      setFailure({ kind: 'fetch', message: fetchFailureMessage(caught) });
+      setValidating(false);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (runRef.current !== runId) return;
+
+    const result = acceptSnapshot({
+      value,
+      validate: current.validate,
+      previous: snapshotRef.current,
+      policy: policyRef.current,
+      source: current.source,
+      now: clockRef.current(),
+    });
+
+    if (result.outcome === 'accepted') {
+      setSnapshot(result.snapshot);
+      setUnverified(false);
+      setFailure(null);
+      if (current.cacheKey) writeSnapshotCache(current.cacheKey, result.snapshot);
+    } else {
+      if (result.reason === 'cross-workspace') {
+        // Data verified for a different workspace must not linger as
+        // last-known situational awareness either.
+        setSnapshot(null);
+        setUnverified(false);
+      }
+      if (current.cacheKey) clearSnapshotCache(current.cacheKey);
+      setFailure({ kind: 'invalidated', reason: result.reason });
+    }
+    setValidating(false);
+  }, []);
+
+  // Restore the last-known snapshot (unverified) and run the first fetch.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (optionsRef.current.enabled === false) {
+      setValidating(false);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const cacheKey = optionsRef.current.cacheKey;
+    if (cacheKey) {
+      const restored = readSnapshotCache<T>({
+        key: cacheKey,
+        workspace: policyRef.current.workspace,
+        policy: policyRef.current,
+        validate: optionsRef.current.validate,
+      });
+      if (restored.outcome === 'hit') {
+        setSnapshot(restored.snapshot);
+        setUnverified(true);
+      } else if (restored.outcome === 'invalidated') {
+        // A corrupted/foreign/regressed entry is dropped immediately; it must
+        // never surface as data. The fetch decides the visible state.
+        clearSnapshotCache(cacheKey);
+      }
+    }
+
+    void revalidate();
+
+    return () => {
+      abortRef.current?.abort();
+    };
+    // Mount-once by design: `revalidate` is stable and reads live options
+    // through refs, so it never needs to re-run when options change.
+    // Route-param pages remount this hook via an identity `key` instead.
+  }, [revalidate]);
+
+  // Aging tick: recomputes freshness as the snapshot ages past the policy.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const interval = setInterval(
+      () => {
+        setNow(clockRef.current());
+      },
+      resolveTickMs(policyRef.current, optionsRef.current.tickMs),
+    );
+    return () => clearInterval(interval);
+  }, []);
+
+  const freshness = useMemo<FreshnessState>(() => {
+    if (snapshot === null) return validating ? 'unknown' : 'unavailable';
+    return computeFreshness({
+      snapshot,
+      policy,
+      now,
+      degraded: failure !== null || unverified,
+    });
+    // `now` from state covers age; refs inside computeFreshness are pure.
+  }, [snapshot, validating, failure, unverified, now, policy]);
+
+  const canMutate = freshness === 'current';
+
+  const mutate = useCallback(async <R>(operation: (data: T) => Promise<R>): Promise<R> => {
+    const currentSnapshot = snapshotRef.current;
+    // No verified snapshot at all: with nothing verified there is nothing
+    // current to mutate, regardless of the recorded failure.
+    if (currentSnapshot === null) throw new StaleMutationError('unavailable');
+    const state = computeFreshness({
+      snapshot: currentSnapshot,
+      policy: policyRef.current,
+      now: clockRef.current(),
+      degraded: failureRef.current !== null || unverifiedRef.current,
+    });
+    assertMutable(state);
+    return operation(currentSnapshot.data);
+  }, []);
+
+  return {
+    snapshot,
+    data: snapshot === null ? null : snapshot.data,
+    freshness,
+    validating,
+    failure,
+    canMutate,
+    revalidate,
+    mutate,
+  };
+}

apps/web/src/lib/freshness/validators.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import type { Mission, Project, Task } from '@/lib/types';
+import {
+  validateMissionCollection,
+  validateProjectCollection,
+  validateProjectEntity,
+  validateTaskCollection,
+} from './validators';
+import { missionFixtures, projectFixtures, taskFixtures } from '@/spa/pages/page-fixtures';
+
+describe('validateTaskCollection', () => {
+  it('accepts a well-formed task collection', () => {
+    expect(validateTaskCollection(taskFixtures)).toEqual({
+      data: taskFixtures,
+      workspace: null,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('accepts an empty collection (a healthy empty state is a valid payload)', () => {
+    expect(validateTaskCollection([])).toEqual({ data: [], workspace: null });
+  });
+
+  it.each([
+    ['not an array', { items: [] }],
+    ['item is not an object', ['nope']],
+    ['missing id', [{ ...(taskFixtures[0] as Task), id: undefined }]],
+    ['missing title', [{ ...(taskFixtures[0] as Task), title: undefined }]],
+    ['unknown status enum', [{ ...(taskFixtures[0] as Task), status: 'finished' }]],
+    ['unknown priority enum', [{ ...(taskFixtures[0] as Task), priority: 'urgent' }]],
+    ['tags of the wrong type', [{ ...(taskFixtures[0] as Task), tags: 'spa' }]],
+    ['metadata of the wrong type', [{ ...(taskFixtures[0] as Task), metadata: 'notes' }]],
+    ['createdAt of the wrong type', [{ ...(taskFixtures[0] as Task), createdAt: 1234 }]],
+    ['null sneaks past a required string', [{ ...(taskFixtures[0] as Task), title: null }]],
+  ])('rejects a malformed payload: %s', (_label, value) => {
+    expect(validateTaskCollection(value)).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('validateMissionCollection', () => {
+  it('accepts a well-formed mission collection', () => {
+    expect(validateMissionCollection(missionFixtures)).toEqual({
+      data: missionFixtures,
+      workspace: null,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it.each([
+    ['not an array', null],
+    ['item missing name', [{ ...(missionFixtures[0] as Mission), name: 42 }]],
+    ['unknown status enum', [{ ...(missionFixtures[0] as Mission), status: 'canceled' }]],
+    ['projectId of the wrong type', [{ ...(missionFixtures[0] as Mission), projectId: 7 }]],
+  ])('rejects a malformed payload: %s', (_label, value) => {
+    expect(validateMissionCollection(value)).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('validateProjectCollection', () => {
+  it('accepts a uniform workspace-scoped collection and reports its workspace', () => {
+    expect(validateProjectCollection(projectFixtures)).toEqual({
+      data: projectFixtures,
+      workspace: 'user-1',
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('accepts an empty collection with no workspace identity', () => {
+    expect(validateProjectCollection([])).toEqual({ data: [], workspace: null });
+  });
+
+  it.each([
+    ['not an array', 42],
+    ['item missing userId', [{ ...(projectFixtures[0] as Project), userId: undefined }]],
+    ['unknown status enum', [{ ...(projectFixtures[0] as Project), status: 'live' }]],
+    ['description of the wrong type', [{ ...(projectFixtures[0] as Project), description: 1 }]],
+  ])('rejects a malformed payload: %s', (_label, value) => {
+    expect(validateProjectCollection(value)).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('rejects a collection mixing workspace identities (cross-workspace leak)', () => {
+    const mixed = [
+      projectFixtures[0] as Project,
+      { ...(projectFixtures[1] as Project), userId: 'user-2' },
+    ];
+    expect(validateProjectCollection(mixed)).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('validateProjectEntity', () => {
+  it('accepts a well-formed project and reports its workspace', () => {
+    expect(validateProjectEntity(projectFixtures[0])).toEqual({
+      data: projectFixtures[0],
+      workspace: 'user-1',
+    });
+  });
+
+  it.each([
+    ['not an object', 'project-1'],
+    ['null', null],
+    ['array', [projectFixtures[0]]],
+    ['missing userId', [{ ...(projectFixtures[0] as Project), userId: null }]],
+  ])('rejects a malformed entity: %s', (_label, value) => {
+    expect(validateProjectEntity(value)).toBeNull();
+  });
+});

apps/web/src/lib/freshness/validators.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+import type { Mission, Project, Task, MissionStatus, TaskPriority, TaskStatus } from '@/lib/types';
+import type { FreshPayload } from './model';
+
+/**
+ * Runtime schema validators for gateway collections (RI-5-001).
+ *
+ * `api<T>()` returns untrusted JSON cast to `T`; these validators are the
+ * seam where a malformed response becomes an explicit schema mismatch
+ * instead of flowing into the render path as if it were healthy data.
+ */
+
+const taskStatuses: readonly TaskStatus[] = [
+  'not-started',
+  'in-progress',
+  'blocked',
+  'done',
+  'cancelled',
+];
+const taskPriorities: readonly TaskPriority[] = ['critical', 'high', 'medium', 'low'];
+const missionStatuses: readonly MissionStatus[] = [
+  'planning',
+  'active',
+  'paused',
+  'completed',
+  'failed',
+];
+const projectStatuses: readonly Project['status'][] = ['active', 'paused', 'completed', 'archived'];
+
+function isRecord(value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> {
+  return typeof value === 'object' && value !== null && !Array.isArray(value);
+}
+
+function isString(value: unknown): value is string {
+  return typeof value === 'string';
+}
+
+function isNullableString(value: unknown): value is string | null {
+  return value === null || typeof value === 'string';
+}
+
+function isOneOf<T extends string>(value: unknown, allowed: readonly T[]): value is T {
+  return typeof value === 'string' && (allowed as readonly string[]).includes(value);
+}
+
+function isNullableRecord(value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> | null {
+  return value === null || isRecord(value);
+}
+
+function isNullableStringArray(value: unknown): value is string[] | null {
+  if (value === null) return true;
+  if (!Array.isArray(value)) return false;
+  return value.every((item) => typeof item === 'string');
+}
+
+function isIsoLike(value: unknown): value is string {
+  return typeof value === 'string' && value.length > 0;
+}
+
+function isTask(value: unknown): value is Task {
+  if (!isRecord(value)) return false;
+  return (
+    isString(value['id']) &&
+    isString(value['title']) &&
+    isOneOf(value['status'], taskStatuses) &&
+    isOneOf(value['priority'], taskPriorities) &&
+    isNullableString(value['projectId']) &&
+    isNullableString(value['missionId']) &&
+    isNullableString(value['assignee']) &&
+    isNullableStringArray(value['tags']) &&
+    isNullableRecord(value['metadata']) &&
+    isNullableString(value['dueDate']) &&
+    isIsoLike(value['createdAt']) &&
+    isIsoLike(value['updatedAt'])
+  );
+}
+
+/** Tasks carry no workspace identity; scope falls back to the policy. */
+export function validateTaskCollection(value: unknown): FreshPayload<Task[]> | null {
+  if (!Array.isArray(value) || !value.every(isTask)) return null;
+  return { data: value as Task[], workspace: null };
+}
+
+function isMission(value: unknown): value is Mission {
+  if (!isRecord(value)) return false;
+  return (
+    isString(value['id']) &&
+    isString(value['name']) &&
+    isOneOf(value['status'], missionStatuses) &&
+    isNullableString(value['projectId']) &&
+    isNullableString(value['description']) &&
+    isNullableRecord(value['metadata']) &&
+    isIsoLike(value['createdAt']) &&
+    isIsoLike(value['updatedAt'])
+  );
+}
+
+/** Missions carry no workspace identity; scope falls back to the policy. */
+export function validateMissionCollection(value: unknown): FreshPayload<Mission[]> | null {
+  if (!Array.isArray(value) || !value.every(isMission)) return null;
+  return { data: value as Mission[], workspace: null };
+}
+
+function isProject(value: unknown): value is Project {
+  if (!isRecord(value)) return false;
+  return (
+    isString(value['id']) &&
+    isString(value['name']) &&
+    isOneOf(value['status'], projectStatuses) &&
+    isString(value['userId']) &&
+    isNullableString(value['description']) &&
+    isNullableRecord(value['metadata']) &&
+    isIsoLike(value['createdAt']) &&
+    isIsoLike(value['updatedAt'])
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Projects are workspace-scoped: every item must carry the same `userId`.
+ * A collection mixing identities (cross-workspace leak) is a schema
+ * mismatch; the uniform `userId` becomes the snapshot workspace.
+ */
+export function validateProjectCollection(value: unknown): FreshPayload<Project[]> | null {
+  if (!Array.isArray(value) || !value.every(isProject)) return null;
+  const projects = value as Project[];
+  const workspaces = new Set(projects.map((project) => project.userId));
+  if (workspaces.size > 1) return null;
+  return { data: projects, workspace: projects.length > 0 ? projects[0]!.userId : null };
+}
+
+/** Single project entity (project detail primary collection). */
+export function validateProjectEntity(value: unknown): FreshPayload<Project> | null {
+  if (!isProject(value)) return null;
+  const project = value as Project;
+  return { data: project, workspace: project.userId };
+}