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Route Handlers

Create API endpoints with route.ts files.

Basic Usage

// app/api/users/route.ts
export async function GET() {
  const users = await getUsers();
  return Response.json(users);
}

export async function POST(request: Request) {
  const body = await request.json();
  const user = await createUser(body);
  return Response.json(user, { status: 201 });
}

Supported Methods

GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, HEAD, OPTIONS

GET Handler Conflicts with page.tsx

A route.ts and page.tsx cannot coexist in the same folder.

app/
├── api/
│   └── users/
│       └── route.ts    # /api/users
└── users/
    ├── page.tsx        # /users (page)
    └── route.ts        # Warning: Conflicts with page.tsx!

If you need both a page and an API at the same path, use different paths:

app/
├── users/
│   └── page.tsx        # /users (page)
└── api/
    └── users/
        └── route.ts    # /api/users (API)

Environment Behavior

Route handlers run in a Server Component-like environment:

Yes: Can use async/await
Yes: Can access cookies(), headers()
Yes: Can use Node.js APIs
No: Cannot use React hooks
No: Cannot use React DOM APIs
No: Cannot use browser APIs

// Bad: This won't work - no React DOM in route handlers
import { renderToString } from 'react-dom/server';

export async function GET() {
  const html = renderToString(<Component />); // Error!
  return new Response(html);
}

Dynamic Route Handlers

// app/api/users/[id]/route.ts
export async function GET(request: Request, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id: string }> }) {
  const { id } = await params;
  const user = await getUser(id);

  if (!user) {
    return Response.json({ error: 'Not found' }, { status: 404 });
  }

  return Response.json(user);
}

Request Helpers

export async function GET(request: Request) {
  // URL and search params
  const { searchParams } = new URL(request.url);
  const query = searchParams.get('q');

  // Headers
  const authHeader = request.headers.get('authorization');

  // Cookies (Next.js helper)
  const cookieStore = await cookies();
  const token = cookieStore.get('token');

  return Response.json({ query, token });
}

Response Helpers

// JSON response
return Response.json({ data });

// With status
return Response.json({ error: 'Not found' }, { status: 404 });

// With headers
return Response.json(data, {
  headers: {
    'Cache-Control': 'max-age=3600',
  },
});

// Redirect
return Response.redirect(new URL('/login', request.url));

// Stream
return new Response(stream, {
  headers: { 'Content-Type': 'text/event-stream' },
});

When to Use Route Handlers vs Server Actions

Use Case	Route Handlers	Server Actions
Form submissions	No	Yes
Data mutations from UI	No	Yes
Third-party webhooks	Yes	No
External API consumption	Yes	No
Public REST API	Yes	No
File uploads	Both work	Both work

Prefer Server Actions for mutations triggered from your UI. Use Route Handlers for external integrations and public APIs.

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